The decision to change the title from Physician Assistant (PA) to Physician Associate marks a pivotal moment in the history of the PA profession. In May 2021, the American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) voted to officially adopt the new title, “Physician Associate,” with the goal of better reflecting the scope and depth of responsibilities handled by PAs in modern healthcare. This transition, while gradually being implemented, is a significant step toward enhancing the professional identity of PAs. However, the journey to widespread adoption is still unfolding, with challenges and hurdles that need to be addressed.
Introduction to the Title of Physician Associate
In 2021, the American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) made a groundbreaking decision to change the title of the PA profession from “Physician Assistant” to “Physician Associate.” This move was the result of years of research, advocacy, and in-depth discussions aimed at better reflecting the expanding roles and responsibilities that PAs hold within the healthcare system. No longer merely assisting physicians, PAs have grown into versatile, independent medical professionals who conduct patient examinations, develop treatment plans, prescribe medications, perform procedures, and in many cases, work autonomously. The title “Physician Associate” is designed to communicate this broader scope of practice more accurately.
However, the road to implementing this title change is complex and gradual, and full adoption requires navigating a web of legal, regulatory, and institutional barriers. While many organizations, including some educational institutions, have already started adopting the new title, PAs are still largely required to use “Physician Assistant” in most clinical and legal settings. This discrepancy underscores the intricate nature of this transition, which requires not only the approval of professional associations but also alignment with state laws, medical boards, and healthcare facility policies.
For instance, Oregon has emerged as one of the first states to take legislative action on the title change. On April 4, 2024, Governor Tina Kotek signed a bill into law that officially recognized the title “Physician Associate,” making it effective as of June 6, 2024. While this marks a significant milestone, it also illustrates the challenges ahead. Oregon PAs must wait for the state’s medical board to establish specific regulations and guidance before they can officially use the new title in practice. This process is expected to take time, as regulations need to ensure compliance with broader healthcare policies, employer protocols, and licensing board guidelines.
The implementation process is not limited to Oregon. States across the U.S. must update regulatory frameworks before PAs can universally adopt the title “Physician Associate.” Each state’s legislative process differs, adding layers of complexity to the nationwide rollout of the new title. Until these changes are fully enacted, PAs in other states must continue practicing under the “Physician Assistant” title, even though the role and responsibilities remain largely the same.
Key Motivation and Scope
One of the key motivations behind this title change is improving patient perception. The AAPA believes that the title “Physician Associate” will help clarify the professional role of PAs and bolster patient confidence in their abilities. The term “assistant” often implies a limited or subordinate function, which can be misleading given that PAs perform many of the same tasks as physicians, including diagnosing illnesses and developing treatment plans. By adopting “associate,” the profession aims to provide greater clarity and accuracy regarding the scope of practice.
Importantly, the title change does not affect the scope of practice for PAs. They will continue to perform the same functions, governed by their medical education, training, and clinical experience. The shift from “assistant” to “associate” is symbolic, intended to correct public and professional misconceptions without altering legal or practical authority. The transition reflects the reality of modern PA practice, where collaboration and independent decision-making are integral components of patient care.
In response to the evolving healthcare landscape, the AAPA is actively advocating for states to adopt their “Title Change Model State Legislation.” This model is designed to streamline the legal and regulatory changes required for full adoption of the “Physician Associate” title while ensuring consistency across state lines. The AAPA is also addressing potential concerns related to title protection and other legal ramifications, offering a roadmap for states and institutions to follow.
At the same time, the AAPA acknowledges that this transition is part of a broader movement to modernize PA practice. Title change legislation is one of many advocacy priorities aimed at reducing practice barriers, expanding PA autonomy, and enhancing the profession’s role in delivering high-quality, team-based care. The goal is not only to improve PAs’ professional identity but also to enhance the overall healthcare system by ensuring that patients receive care from highly skilled, well-recognized providers.
Educational institutions and professional organizations have also begun the transition to “Physician Associate,” although the change is gradual. Dual usage of both “Physician Assistant” and “Physician Associate” will persist on the AAPA’s website and other platforms for the foreseeable future, reflecting the ongoing nature of this shift. Given the legal and regulatory considerations involved, the full implementation of the new title will take several years and require close coordination with state and federal agencies, as well as healthcare employers.
As we examine the progress and the path forward, it is clear that the transition from “Physician Assistant” to “Physician Associate” marks a pivotal moment in the PA profession’s evolution. While the title change is largely symbolic, it carries significant implications for how PAs are perceived by patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers. As more states and institutions adopt the new title, PAs will continue to play an essential role in transforming healthcare delivery and expanding access to quality care.
The Decision to Change
Historical Context
The PA profession was established in the 1960s to help fill the gaps in healthcare services caused by physician shortages, particularly in underserved areas. Initially, PAs were trained to assist physicians, taking on tasks that would allow physicians to focus on more complex care. Over the decades, the profession evolved. PAs now play a much more integral role in patient care, often working independently or leading medical teams, and their responsibilities have expanded significantly.
Yet, the title “Physician Assistant” failed to reflect these changes. The perception that PAs merely “assist” physicians persisted, even as PAs became more capable of performing a broad range of medical services. This discrepancy between title and function led to discussions within the work about how best to represent the work PAs do.
Why "Physician Associate"?
The decision to change the title to “Physician Associate” was rooted in a desire to align the title with PAs’ actual responsibilities. Research and surveys conducted by the American Association of Physician Associates (AAPA) indicated that the title “associate” better captured the role’s collaborative, independent, and patient-centered nature. It also helped address the misperception that PAs were limited to a subordinate role, when in fact, they often work autonomously and lead patient care teams.
In May 2021, after years of research and consultation with stakeholders, the AAPA House of Delegates voted to adopt the new title. The overwhelming support for the title change reflected a shared recognition within the profession that the term “assistant” no longer fit the evolving role of PAs.
What the Change Means
Increased Recognition for PAs
The title “Physician Associate” represents more than just a name change—it signals a new era of recognition for the profession. By adopting a title that more accurately reflects the responsibilities of PAs, the profession aims to improve public perception, career development, and patient trust. The new title communicates that PAs are highly trained healthcare professionals capable of performing complex medical tasks, making critical decisions, and providing comprehensive care.
Many PAs believe that this change will enhance their standing within the healthcare system and improve opportunities for professional growth. As the title becomes more widely recognized, it could lead to increased autonomy and expanded roles in healthcare settings, especially in leadership and administrative positions.
Impact on Patient Perception
One primary reason for the title change was to address patients’ misconceptions about PAs. The term “assistant” often leads patients to assume that PAs are less qualified or have limited responsibilities compared to physicians. By changing the title to “associate,” the profession hopes to clarify the role of PAs as collaborative healthcare providers who work closely with physicians but also independently manage patient care in many settings.
PAs are highly trained medical professionals, and their education and clinical experience are extensive. They diagnose illnesses, create treatment plans, prescribe medications, and perform medical procedures. The new title helps communicate this expertise more effectively, improving patient trust and understanding of the PA’s role in their care.
What Does it Change in Practice?
It is essential to note that the title change does not alter the scope of practice or the responsibilities of PAs. The new title is primarily a symbolic shift aimed at improving perception, but the practical aspects of what PAs do remain the same. PAs will continue to work in partnership with physicians, providing high-quality, patient-centered care across a wide range of specialties.
The teamwork between physicians and PAs is central to the healthcare model. This collaboration will remain unchanged, with PAs continuing to work in supervisory relationships with physicians in states where this is required by law. However, as the profession evolves, the title change may pave the way for discussions about expanding the autonomy of PAs in certain settings, particularly in states that have already adopted optimal team practice (OTP) models.
How the Transition Will Happen
The Role of the AAPA and Other Organizations
The transition to the new title is a complex process that requires collaboration between the AAPA, state medical boards, healthcare organizations, and educational institutions. The AAPA has been working with state governments, regulatory bodies, and employers to facilitate the legal and logistical aspects of the transition. In many cases, PAs will need to continue using “Physician Assistant” as their official title until state laws are updated to reflect the change.
The AAPA has been proactive in its outreach to external stakeholders, addressing concerns about the title change and providing resources for organizations interested in making the switch. They are also working on branding initiatives to promote the new title and educate the public, employers, and healthcare providers about what it means.
State-Level and Federal Changes
While the AAPA’s decision marks a significant milestone, the adoption of the title “Physician Associate” at the state and federal levels will take time. Some states, like Pennsylvania, have already begun recognizing the new title, while others are in the process of updating their regulations. Federal agencies, such as the Department of Veterans Affairs, have also started incorporating the title into their internal communications and documents.
However, regulatory hurdles remain in certain states, where changes to licensing laws and medical board policies are required before the new title can be fully implemented. The AAPA is actively working with these states to ensure a smooth transition and has developed model legislation to assist in this process.
Progress So Far with Schools and Organizations Adopting the Title
Educational Institutions Adopting the Title "Physician Associate"
Several educational institutions have already begun adopting the new title, signaling their support for the transition.
Duke University Physician Assistant Program – As one of the oldest and most recognized PA programs, Duke has been part of the discussions about the transition and is supportive of the change.
Duke University’s Physician Assistant Program, while one of the most established and respected programs, still officially uses the title “Physician Assistant.” Although Duke has been involved in discussions about the title change and is supportive of the transition to “Physician Associate,” the title change process is still ongoing.
The AAPA’s decision to change the title in 2021 marked the beginning of a transition that requires updates to state laws, accreditation standards, and licensing regulations. Many institutions, including Duke, continue to use “Physician Assistant” in formal and legal contexts until the title “Physician Associate” is fully recognized by state licensing boards and incorporated into educational and professional frameworks.
So, while Duke supports the transition and is part of the broader movement toward adopting the new title, the legal and administrative requirements for the change mean that, like many other programs, they must still refer to the profession as “Physician Assistant” for now. This reflects the gradual nature of the process and the attitude of most educational programs.
Yale School of Medicine PA Online Program
Yale’s School of Medicine has fully embraced the transition to the title “Physician Associate.” Their website refers to the program as the Yale Physician Associate Program, indicating that they have made significant progress in adopting the new title.
Yale is one of the leading institutions in this transition, actively integrating the “Physician Associate” title across their program materials, curriculum, and public communications. This demonstrates their commitment to reflecting the evolving role of PAs and supporting the profession’s growth. While legal and regulatory changes are still ongoing in some states, Yale is at the forefront of educational institutions making the change, aligning with the AAPA’s decision.
This stands in contrast to some other programs, which may still use “Physician Assistant” until full legal recognition of the title “Physician Associate” is achieved at the state level. Yale’s proactive adoption showcases their role as a leader in this important shift in the profession.
George Washington University PA Program – GWU has been involved in conversations about the title change and is in the process of transitioning.
University of Colorado PA Program – Known for its forward-thinking approach, the University of Colorado has shown support for the transition and is actively involved in discussions.
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center – This top-ranking PA program is also supportive of the transition and is working towards full implementation.
Additionally, Berry College in Georgia has been noted as an early adopter of the title for its new PA program, demonstrating that even newer programs are embracing the change. Their first cohort is expected in 2025.
Organizations Leading the Way
The AAPA, as the leader in the PA profession, has been at the forefront of pushing for the title change. Other major organizations have also made the new title synonymous with Physician Assistant. Furthermore, federal entities like the Department of Veterans Affairs and some state medical boards, including the Pennsylvania State Board of Medicine, have set precedents by recognizing the new title.
These early adopters play a crucial role in encouraging other organizations and institutions to follow suit, helping to create a unified approach to the transition.
Answers to Common Questions
Why Change the Title Now?
Healthcare has evolved significantly since the PA profession was established. Today, PAs are involved in more complex and independent medical practice than ever before. This change reflects the growth of the profession and its expanding responsibilities in the healthcare system. Experts agree that the timing of this change is critical, as PAs seek greater recognition for their contributions to patient care and their role in addressing healthcare shortages.
Will It Make a Difference to Patients?
Yes, the title change is expected to have a positive impact on patient perceptions. By using the title “Physician Associate,” PAs can more clearly communicate their expertise and qualifications to patients. This change may help alleviate any concerns or misconceptions about the capabilities of PAs, ultimately increasing patient trust and satisfaction with their care.
Can PAs Still Practice Under "Physician Assistant"?
In most cases, PAs will need to continue using “Physician Assistant” as their official title until state laws and regulations are updated. However, the AAPA encourages PAs to begin using “Physician Associate” in settings where it is legally permissible and appropriate. Over time, as more states adopt the new title, it is expected to become the norm.
Does This Change the Role of the PA Profession?
No, the title change does not alter the scope of practice for PAs. PAs will continue to provide the same level of care and perform the same medical tasks as before. The change is primarily symbolic, designed to better represent the profession’s role in the healthcare system.
How Long Will the Transition Take?
The transition to full adoption of the new title will likely take several years, as it requires changes to state laws, medical board regulations, and healthcare organization policies. Some states have already made progress, while others may take longer to implement the change. Experts estimate that it could take anywhere from three to ten years for the title “Physician Associate” to become widely recognized across the country.
Will this change influence the salary of a Physician Associate, and how can it vary across different regions?
The salary of a Physician Associate can vary widely depending on several factors, including location, level of experience, and the healthcare setting in which they work. In larger cities or regions with a higher cost of living, the salary of a Physician Associate is generally higher compared to rural areas. Additionally, Physician Associates working in specialized fields such as surgery or emergency medicine may earn more due to the increased complexity of the work. Experience plays a significant role as well—the salary of a Physician Associate typically increases as they gain more years of experience and take on greater responsibilities within their medical teams. The title change will not necessarily have an impact on salary.
Challenges and Road Ahead
Regulatory Hurdles
One of the primary challenges facing the transition is the need for legal and regulatory changes at the state level. Some states have been slow to adopt the new title due to concerns about licensing laws and scope of practice regulations. Additionally, certain employers and healthcare organizations may resist the change, preferring to stick with the familiar title of “Physician Assistant.”
The AAPA is working with state chapters and legal experts to address these challenges and advocate for the adoption of the new title. However, it is clear that the transition will take time and effort.
Public Awareness and Education
Another challenge is educating the public, healthcare providers, and patients about the title change. Many people are unfamiliar with the role of PAs, and the title change may initially cause confusion. To address this, the AAPA has launched branding and communication campaigns aimed at raising awareness and promoting understanding of the new title.
It will be essential for PAs themselves to play a role in educating their patients and colleagues about the title change, explaining how it better reflects their role in the healthcare system.
Final Thoughts and Looking Forward
For those pursuing a career as a Physician Assistant, gaining practical experience is essential, and International Medical Aid (IMA) offers a unique and comprehensive opportunity through its Pre-PA and Physician Assistant Internships / Physician Associate Internships. These internships provide aspiring PAs with hands-on experience in high-demand healthcare settings across East Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. As a not-for-profit organization, IMA is committed to not only providing invaluable clinical exposure but also ensuring that participants engage with ethical, community-based healthcare initiatives that make a real difference.
IMA’s internship program is carefully designed to meet the needs of pre-PA students, PA-school students, and licensed Physician Assistants. Physician Associate Interns work alongside experienced healthcare professionals in hospitals and clinics, gaining exposure to medical disciplines such as medicine, public health, and physical therapy. Whether you’re looking to fulfill clinical hours for PA school applications or expand your practical knowledge in a global health context, IMA offers a structured and supportive environment with extensive safety measures, mentorship, and 24/7 on-site support.
Beyond clinical experience, IMA’s program provides significant advantages for those applying to PA school. Participants receive personalized admissions counseling, including interview preparation, personal statement reviews, and letters of recommendation, all included in the program at no additional cost. This makes the IMA internship an exceptional choice for those serious about enhancing their PA school applications.
The Future of the PA Profession as "Physician Associates"
The title change from “Physician Assistant” to “Physician Associate” represents a significant step forward for the PA profession. As the title becomes more widely recognized, it is expected to lead to greater opportunities for PAs in leadership roles, expanded autonomy, and improved patient trust. The profession will continue to evolve, and this title change is just one part of a broader effort to enhance the role of PAs in healthcare.
Ongoing Advocacy
The AAPA and other organizations will continue to advocate for the adoption of the new title at the state and federal levels. PAs and students are encouraged to stay informed and involved in this process, as their participation will be crucial in ensuring a smooth transition. As more states and organizations adopt the title “Physician Associate,” the profession will continue to gain recognition and respect in the healthcare community.
Determination
The transition from “Physician Assistant” to “Physician Associate” is a reflection of the evolving role of PAs in healthcare. While the title change is still in progress, it represents a significant step toward greater recognition for the profession. PAs are highly trained medical professionals who play a critical role in patient care, and the new title better reflects their contributions to the healthcare system.
As the transition continues, PAs and patients alike will benefit from the increased clarity and recognition that comes with the title “Physician Associate.” While challenges remain, the future of the profession is bright, and the adoption of the new title is an important milestone in the journey toward full recognition of the vital role PAs play in healthcare.
